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Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. </p> <h3>shroomers</h3> <p> <a href="http://growset.com/copelandia_bispora/buy_shrooms_online.htm" title="Copelandia Bispora Buy Shrooms Online" alt="Copelandia Bispora Buy Shrooms Online" >Copelandia Bispora Buy Shrooms Online</a> More than <a href="http://growset.com/porcini_mushroom/picking_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Porcini Mushroom Picking Magic Mushroom" alt="Porcini Mushroom Picking Magic Mushroom" >Porcini Mushroom Picking Magic Mushroom</a> half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in <b>Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán</b> &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 Queensland ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 conspicuous species &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#108&#115&#111&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 lovers whose interests are not purely &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#13&#10&#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#115&#104&#111&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#48&#44 p. 28). Almost no different names for magic mushrooms shrooms boomers published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 trips, &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 specimens in various locations, such as &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#109&#121 &#104&#111&#109&#101&#116&#111&#119&#110 &#111&#102 Mansfeld &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#86&#111&#114&#104&#97&#114&#122&#13&#10&#77&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#110 the marshlands of Duben as well as in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100 areas.<br> In addition, friends &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 have told me about finding &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#115 of the country. A book published in 1952 is among &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure &#49&#54&#44 &#112&#46 &#50&#51&#41&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 during the &#102&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#83&#101&#112&#116&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 October.<br> It favors acidic soil and &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#108&#115 &#111&#114 around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 Specimens &#97&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 groups of 30 mushrooms &#111&#114 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#101&#114&#13&#10&#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#114 other animal feces are &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 even though the mushrooms never Fun guys grow directly &#111&#110 &#116&#111&#112 &#111&#102 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#79&#99&#99&#97&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 extremely stunted &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 mycelial growth. In &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 yield an abundance of &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#109&#105&#114&#114&#111&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 was grazed at least once &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#101&#107&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 season.<br> However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101&#101&#112 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 grassy &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 <a href="http://growset.com/hallucinogenic_mushroom_statistics.htm" title="Hallucinogenic Mushroom Statistics" alt="Hallucinogenic Mushroom Statistics" >Hallucinogenic Mushroom Statistics</a> grazing areas for &#100&#101&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 with additional &#102&#101&#114&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#111&#101&#115 not grow in &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#101&#114&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 During the summertime, &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#114&#109 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 these wet areas provides an excellent &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#111&#112&#116&#105&#109&#97&#108&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 &#73&#110 Germany, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#39&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the coastal areas &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples &#104&#97&#118&#101 <a href="http://growset.com/shrooms/psilocybe_quebecensis.htm" title="QUEBECENSIS Articles QUEBECENSIS Articles QUEBECENSIS" alt="QUEBECENSIS Articles QUEBECENSIS Articles QUEBECENSIS" >QUEBECENSIS Articles QUEBECENSIS Articles QUEBECENSIS</a> &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 &#45&#13&#10 <p align="right"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 Systems * LIS &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 &#79&#70 CONTENT (With Active Links' &#74&#117&#115&#116 &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#79&#110 &#65 Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 9 2. Reflections on &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushrooms 16 3.2 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 Growing on Wood Debris &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#78&#101&#119 &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 44 3.<br>5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent <b>hallucinogenic mushroom kit</b> &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 on North America &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.<br>6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9.<br> Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook <a href="http://growset.com/what_do_shrooms_look_like/blue_shrooms/" title="Blue Articles Blue Articles Like Articles Shrooms Articles Like Articles Blue Articles Shrooms" alt="Blue Articles Blue Articles Like Articles Shrooms Articles Like Articles Blue Articles Shrooms" >Blue Articles Blue Articles Like Articles Shrooms Articles Like Articles Blue Articles Shrooms</a> 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the first &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 attain a &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#97&#110&#100 malodorous mounds &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 have been feared &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a &#107&#110 </p> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="right"> &#77&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 mushrooms have been traditionally <a href="http://growset.com/Hallucinogenic_mushrooms_history/magic_mushroom_art.htm" title="Mushroom Magic Mushrooms Art Mushroom History" alt="Mushroom Magic Mushrooms Art Mushroom History" >Mushroom Magic Mushrooms Art Mushroom History</a> used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native </p> <p align="left"> &#13&#10&#74&#79&#67&#72&#69&#78 &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 World A Scientific &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 History and Scientific &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 10 3. The Current State &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 European &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.<br>5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 and &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 Mistakes 61 5.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#66&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 Metol Testing: Reality &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#110 North America and &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 Central and &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11.<br> Bibliography 120 Index &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis from Australia Figure &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927).<br> Figure 4 - Fresh &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 when &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 answers to &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 only speculate. Mycophobes, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 their &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be reckless enough to want &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 attempt to do this by ingesting those &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 thrive on decaying, <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushrooms_pics/cow_shrooms/" title="Magic Mushrooms Pics Cow Shrooms" alt="Magic Mushrooms Pics Cow Shrooms" >Magic Mushrooms Pics Cow Shrooms</a> humid soil, rotten wood &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 had &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 were considered to be unclean emissions of evil &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 kn </p> </p> <h3>magic mushroom drawings @ 3/12/2010 8:02:28 AM</h3> <p> </p> <p> <p align="right"> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very <b>drawings of mushrooms</b> little knowledge &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#46 Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109 applied to any mushroom <b>Drawings Of Mushrooms</b> which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented &#98&#121 &#97 &#76&#105&#102&#101 &#77&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101 editor &#105&#110 &#108&#57&#53&#55 &#40 &#115&#101&#101 Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 tops", "gold &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 caps." The Australian epithets &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 to this &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#44 drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 <b>Drawings Of Mushrooms</b> these names have apparently &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 several different &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#121 users in Australia (see <b>Mushrooms South Africa</b> &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#57&#55&#41&#46 &#65&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 ingest Copelandia cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps".<br> The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 Islands; and &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 popular names &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 by visiting surfers &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#116&#111 describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 Hawaii's North <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_heimii/drug_shrooms.htm" title="Psilocybe Heimii Drug Shrooms" alt="Psilocybe Heimii Drug Shrooms" >Psilocybe Heimii Drug Shrooms</a> Shore have &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to &#115&#117&#114&#102&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#115 &#100&#111 &#109&#97&#110&#121 of the locally based surfers in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </p> <p align="justify"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#110 purpose of this book is &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 <i>magic mushroom grow boxes</i> &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_tampanensis/psilocybe_azurescens.htm" title="Psilocybe Tampanensis Psilocybe Azurescens" alt="Psilocybe Tampanensis Psilocybe Azurescens" >Psilocybe Tampanensis Psilocybe Azurescens</a> continent knew &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of natural mind-altering substances compared to &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions.<br> &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 <b>magic mushroom grow boxes</b> &#105&#110 Europe similar to those &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is unlikely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 less about local &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 and &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 time &#105&#110&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 as &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 that the fly agaric mushroom &#40&#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 for its psychoactive properties in Siberia &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 mushroom was used as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as well. In fact, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 evidence from &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 widespread knowledge of the effects of &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 specific Psilocybes and &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#111 have had a much more &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 Copelandia syringe .co.uk .co.uk .co.uk &#111&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_tampanensis/psilocybe_azurescens.htm" title="Psilocybe Tampanensis Psilocybe Azurescens" alt="Psilocybe Tampanensis Psilocybe Azurescens" >Psilocybe Tampanensis Psilocybe Azurescens</a> &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 cultures than &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#114&#105&#117&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 somatic side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 including &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 knowledge &#111&#102 </p> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains. n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo <div align="left"> &#98&#121 &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#44 Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe.htm" title="Psilocybe" alt="Psilocybe" >Psilocybe</a> of pure psilocybin for &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#116&#105&#45&#100&#114&#117&#103 &#108&#101&#103&#105&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 potential &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 thrive &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 can be found &#111&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are &#110&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#121 other mycoflora and &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 from scientific investigation &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 addition to &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general.<br> Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 the development of prevailing biases and &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 recall &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100&#44 which occurred &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 five years old. I was playing &#105&#110 &#97 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#100&#111&#119&#44 when a girl &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 mushroom and earnestly explained that it &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 I have never forgotten this encounter, &#73 &#100&#105&#100&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#97 different childhood event &#104&#97&#115 &#108&#101&#102&#116 &#109&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 of awe &#73 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#46 In general, the unusual characteristics of these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#65&#110 enduring personal &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 can serve &#116&#111&#13&#10&#97&#109&#112&#108&#105&#102&#121 &#111&#114 &#100&#105&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#108&#44 &#106&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity &#111&#102 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 <b>Fungus</b> &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 Descriptions of planned and &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#117&#110&#116&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF &#75&#78&#79&#87&#76&#69&#68&#71&#69 &#65&#66&#79&#85&#84&#13&#10&#69&#85&#82&#79&#80&#69&#65&#78 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 approximate locatio </div> <p align="center"> Most recreational users of <b>magic mushroom drawings</b> Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#119&#104&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 vitro) require &#97 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#49 to &#50 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 &#116&#111 &#53 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 dried &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be comparable &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 fungal material consumed for religious purposes &#105&#110 &#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110 healing and curing &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#121&#46 &#73&#110 &#49&#57&#56&#50&#44 &#111&#110&#101 research team "found <a href="http://growset.com/where_is_psilocybin_found/Panaeolus_tropicalis_spores.htm" title="Where Is Psilocybin Found Panaeolus Tropicalis Spores" alt="Where Is Psilocybin Found Panaeolus Tropicalis Spores" >Where Is Psilocybin Found Panaeolus Tropicalis Spores</a> that &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 and psilocin varies &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#97 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#111&#102 4 among various &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold.<br>" A fresh &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 in Australia would be &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49 &#116&#111 2 large mushrooms weighing &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#109&#117&#99&#104 as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#46 &#69&#116&#104&#110&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed <a href="http://growset.com/where_is_psilocybin_found/Panaeolus_tropicalis_spores.htm" title="Where Is Psilocybin Found Panaeolus Tropicalis Spores" alt="Where Is Psilocybin Found Panaeolus Tropicalis Spores" >Where Is Psilocybin Found Panaeolus Tropicalis Spores</a> "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to &#53&#46&#57 &#103&#109 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 (10 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#52&#48 &#103&#109 fresh)", of various species of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#46 &#68&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 subcubensis would be the same as for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 latter two species are macroscopically alike. The &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 visual effects ranges &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49 &#116&#111 &#51 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 &#116&#111 &#108&#48 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#45&#115&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#116&#111&#108&#101&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 ingested as many &#97&#115 &#53&#48 &#116&#111 &#50&#48&#48 fresh specimens of various sizes. </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of </p> </div> </div> <div id="footer"><br /> Webdesign by <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushrooms_pics/cow_shrooms/" title="Magic Mushrooms Pics Cow Shrooms" alt="Magic Mushrooms Pics Cow Shrooms" >Magic Mushrooms Pics Cow Shrooms</a> / <a href='http://www.brasilbeachhouses.com' alt='brasilbeachhouses' >brasilbeachhouses</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms/ls-Magic_Mushrooms-1024-pm14.aspx' alt='Magic mushrooms' >Magic mushrooms</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms-14-hc.aspx' alt='Magic Shrooms' >Magic Shrooms</a><br> </div> </body>