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The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town &#111&#102 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 <a href="http://growset.com/species_of_psilocybin_containing_magic_mushrooms.htm" title="Magic Of Species Mushrooms Containing Magic" alt="Magic Of Species Mushrooms Containing Magic" >Magic Of Species Mushrooms Containing Magic</a> &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 Mazatec &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 referred to in the previous anthropological literature as &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 <a href="http://growset.com/wild_mushroom/magic_mushroom_kit/" title="Wild Kit Wild Magic Mushroom" alt="Wild Kit Wild Magic Mushroom" >Wild Kit Wild Magic Mushroom</a> &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </p> n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo <p <u>Pluteus salicinus</u> <b>Pluteus salicinus</b> align="left"> Existing evidence indicates &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#8212&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 has man in &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 is little reason to &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of one half of the globe is poorer &#111&#114 &#114&#105&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 with hallucinogenic properties than the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#102&#46 &#87&#104&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 should there be such &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121&#63 &#72&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#110&#111&#116 discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#111 be utilized? &#79&#114 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#101&#115&#115 interested in narcotics? We have no real answer.<br> But we do know &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 has fewer known species employed &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 New World: compared with &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#49&#53 &#111&#114 &#50&#48 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#67&#97&#110&#110&#97&#98&#105&#115&#44 undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#111&#108&#97&#110&#97&#99&#101&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 medieval &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#98&#114&#101&#119&#115&#8212&#104&#101&#110&#98&#97&#110&#101&#44 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101&#44 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#97&#100&#111&#110&#110&#97&#44 and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years.<br> Some &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#118&#105&#116&#97&#108 religious role in <a href="http://growset.com/in_magic_mushroom_queensland/cream_of_mushroom_soup_recipe.htm" title="In Magic Mushroom Queensland Cream Of Mushroom Soup Recipe" alt="In Magic Mushroom Queensland Cream Of Mushroom Soup Recipe" >In Magic Mushroom Queensland Cream Of Mushroom Soup Recipe</a> the &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 India.<br> The role &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 cultural and &#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#110&#121 areas of the Old World is &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#110&#111&#119 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 At every &#116&#117&#114&#110&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#101 </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me </p> <h3>magic magic pics</h3> <p> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." <div align="justify"> &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#105&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mushrooms in Europe that &#105&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 However, it &#105&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#106&#101&#99&#116 or confirm this hypothesis, &#100&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#99&#107 of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 their way into the realm of myths and legends.<br> For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 strange &#110&#97&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#66&#119&#121&#100 &#69&#108&#108&#121&#108&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 was &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#97 &#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#97&#99&#121 &#98&#121 fairies feasting in celebration of the &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 the most important &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#108 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 the Welsh countryside during fall season.<br> I would like &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#107 &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 for pointing out &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#119&#97&#115 unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_portoricensis.htm" title="Psilocybe Portoricensis" alt="Psilocybe Portoricensis" >Psilocybe Portoricensis</a> valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia &#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#101&#108&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#40&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#98&#111&#111&#107&#115 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101 countless witch burnings in that region, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#109&#101&#101&#116&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#116 the "Monte del Tonale", &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 of &#50&#48&#48&#48 &#109 &#40&#99&#97&#46&#13&#10&#54&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#102&#116&#41&#46 Field &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 plants of the nightshade family &#40&#34&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#115&#34&#41 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 altitude; even the fly agaric <u>blue meanies magic mushies pics australia</u> mushroom is rarely found there.<br> By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 practice of witchcraft, &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 note that a &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#102&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 or levitation is among &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk &#82&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#87&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 course &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101 between Christianity &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 worshipped &#78&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#13&#10&#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 heritage, along with much &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 cultural practices, including &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 for the purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#119&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the &#101&#121&#101&#115&#34 &#40&#105&#46&#101&#46 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#41&#46 After the Nordic &#108&#101&#103&#97&#108 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109 &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 practice of "going berserk", &#105&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the 12th century. At &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111 &#71&#114&#97&#109&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99&#117&#115 speculated that the &#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#103 </div> went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o <p align="center"> . &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 for biochemical analysis &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121 &#114&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 compared to other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#40&#49&#41 &#82 &#61 &#72&#50&#80&#48&#51&#13&#10&#40&#50&#41 R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2).<br> CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 in Germany and adjacent <a href="http://growset.com/life_sciences_bacteriology/danger_of_shrooms/" title="Life Sciences Bacteriology Danger Of Shrooms" alt="Life Sciences Bacteriology Danger Of Shrooms" >Life Sciences Bacteriology Danger Of Shrooms</a> areas. Locations are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 in addition to &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 within the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#105&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#116&#111 considerable controversy among eminent &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#115&#116&#115&#46 shrooms queensland &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#87&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 <a href="http://growset.com/Mush/dipropyltryptamine_sale.htm" title="Mush Dipropyltryptamine Sale" alt="Mush Dipropyltryptamine Sale" >Mush Dipropyltryptamine Sale</a> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 are all mushrooms that grow on raw &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 with current states of knowledge, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#97&#114&#105&#117&#109&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 the &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 oftentimes overlap.<br> It is therefore imperative that additional &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#111 this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100&#44 &#97&#110&#100 biochemical &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the investigation.<br> Guzman's division &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#121 geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and &#72&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 grew &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#66&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 geographic &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 species &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116 &#121&#101&#116 firmly established themselves and are still expanding &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#40&#112&#46 14) displays locations &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 <H1>hallucinogenic mushroom kit</H1> &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100&#46&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#82&#46 Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98 </p> Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among users until the mid-1970s. species still fruits most abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central distribution point and which had been spread widely across the campus by gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at the university assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any case, in 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it begins to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <p align="left"> Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 and curing <a href="http://growset.com/mycology/price_of_shrooms.htm" title="Mycology Price Of Shrooms" alt="Mycology Price Of Shrooms" >Mycology Price Of Shrooms</a> <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_spore/magic_mushroom_spore.htm" title="Magic Mushroom Spore Magic Mushroom Spore" alt="Magic Mushroom Spore Magic Mushroom Spore" >Magic Mushroom Spore Magic Mushroom Spore</a> &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 </p> </p> <h3>"PSILOCYBE AZURESCENS SPORES" CANADA @ 3/11/2010 2:07:46 AM</h3> <p> </p> <p> <b>shayanashop in france?" france?"</b> <u>shayanashop in france?" france?"</u> &#68&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 <b>shayanashop in france?" france?"</b> australiana Guzmán & <a href="http://growset.com/psychoactive_mushrooms/how_to_pick_shrooms/" title="Psychoactive Mushrooms How To Pick Shrooms" alt="Psychoactive Mushrooms How To Pick Shrooms" >Psychoactive Mushrooms How To Pick Shrooms</a> &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 shayanashop in france?" france?" &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#101&#117&#99&#97&#108&#121&#112&#116&#97 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#225&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/history_of_magic_shrooms/magic_mushrooms_pics.htm" title="History Of Magic Shrooms Magic Mushrooms Pics" alt="History Of Magic Shrooms Magic Mushrooms Pics" >History Of Magic Shrooms Magic Mushrooms Pics</a> & It has been suggested &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 Drawings Of Mushrooms &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 that &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 <a href="http://growset.com/shrooms_thatgrows_in_cow_shit/identity_weilii_mushroom/" title="Shrooms Thatgrows In Cow Shit Identity Weilii Mushroom" alt="Shrooms Thatgrows In Cow Shit Identity Weilii Mushroom" >Shrooms Thatgrows In Cow Shit Identity Weilii Mushroom</a> &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 Australia, as well <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_spore_syringe/mushroom_soup_recipe.htm" title="Spore Forum Spore Forum Soup Forum Syringe Forum Recipe Forum Syringe Forum Syringe" alt="Spore Forum Spore Forum Soup Forum Syringe Forum Recipe Forum Syringe Forum Syringe" >Spore Forum Spore Forum Soup Forum Syringe Forum Recipe Forum Syringe Forum Syringe</a> &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#105&#116&#115 drug <b>Zoomies</b> using subculture, a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 <a href="http://growset.com/coin_variety/how_to_take_shrooms.htm" title="Coin Variety How To Take Shrooms" alt="Coin Variety How To Take Shrooms" >Coin Variety How To Take Shrooms</a> &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, known in INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_identification/psychedelic.htm" title="Mushroom Psychedelic Mushroom Identification" alt="Mushroom Psychedelic Mushroom Identification" >Mushroom Psychedelic Mushroom Identification</a> &#114&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. &#72&#105&#115 &#112&#117&#108&#115&#101 &#114&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#100 breathing were accelerated, but &#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46 He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#116&#105&#101&#110&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104 pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a &#50&#50&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. &#40&#97 &#51&#49&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 Paddos around the head &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#59 &#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 hours.<br> During this time, &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#101&#115 handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as colorful lights flooding down &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121&#46 &#66&#121 the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#105&#116&#116&#101&#114&#44 a taste &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 had been &#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic &#112&#101&#114&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms's pharmacological &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97 single, narrow track.<br> Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110 can grow to become adequate. The &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101 of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.<br>6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE &#79&#76&#68&#69&#83&#84 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#78&#13&#10&#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#67&#85&#76&#84 &#73&#78 AFRICA So far, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for <a href="http://growset.com/grow_magic_mushroom_psychedelic_psilocybin_kits/buying_psilocybin_mushrooms.htm" title="Psychedelic Kits Psychedelic Psilocybin Mushrooms Kits Mushroom Buying Grow" alt="Psychedelic Kits Psychedelic Psilocybin Mushrooms Kits Mushroom Buying Grow" >Psychedelic Kits Psychedelic Psilocybin Mushrooms Kits Mushroom Buying Grow</a> the oldest known &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#105&#114 discoveries were &#110&#111&#116 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 surprising as well. &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 it really &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100&#110&#39&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#115 &#97 surprise that &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 with mushrooms were found on the &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to </p> </div> </div> <div id="footer"><br /> Webdesign by <a href="http://growset.com/mushroom_chair.htm" title="Chair Mushroom" alt="Chair Mushroom" >Chair Mushroom</a> / <a href='http://www.brasilbeachhouses.com' alt='brasilbeachhouses' >brasilbeachhouses</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms/ls-Magic_Mushrooms-1024-pm14.aspx' alt='Magic mushrooms' >Magic mushrooms</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms-14-hc.aspx' alt='Magic Shrooms' >Magic Shrooms</a><br> </div> </body>