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href="http://growset.com/rss/">RSS</a></li><li><a href="http://growset.com/mobile.aspx">Mobile version</a></li></a></li> <li><a href="/Articles.html"></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="content"> <h3>hawiian psilocybes</h3> <p> <img border="0" src="/images/Mushroom-Identification-Drug-Magic-Mushroom.jpg" alt=" Buy Magic Mushroom Kits In Australia Pictures Liberty Caps Magic Shrooms"> <p align="justify"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The &#109&#97&#105&#110 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#119&#105&#108&#108 help scientists and other &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 is remarkable that cultures native to the American <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_arcana/psilocybe_subcubensis.htm" title="Psilocybe Arcana Psilocybe Subcubensis" alt="Psilocybe Arcana Psilocybe Subcubensis" >Psilocybe Arcana Psilocybe Subcubensis</a> continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#115 &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 fewer &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 other countries. It &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 European cultures learned less &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 mushrooms through usage and experience than &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 <b>Magic Mushroom Mushroom</b> &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#116 some time in history, probably &#97&#115 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 hundred &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 I believe that past reports on psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 muscaria simply because this was the only known &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 at that &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 hallucinogenic effects of specific &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#114&#105&#117&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_field_guide/psilocybin_mushroom_spore_kits/" title="Magic Mushroom Field Guide Psilocybin Mushroom Spore Kits" alt="Magic Mushroom Field Guide Psilocybin Mushroom Spore Kits" >Magic Mushroom Field Guide Psilocybin Mushroom Spore Kits</a> &#98&#121 Amanita muscaria, &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 also &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 severe somatic side effects.<br> This hypothesis is corroborated by &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 conducted &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 historic &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 - &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 </p> <p align="right"> The first livestock <a href="http://growset.com/mushrooms_net.htm" title="Mushrooms Net" alt="Mushrooms Net" >Mushrooms Net</a> &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in </p> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. </p> <h3>Psilocybe eucalypta</h3> <p> <p align="center"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally.<br> Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 most of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and the west coast of America.<br> It &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they were already there naturally. &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 and 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 farm animals.<br> Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 cattle, &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was during this &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 cow &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling of the Royal Botanic &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that fungi can change substrate &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis as a recreational drugtends <H1>Pluteus salicinus</H1> to confirm the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared after the introduction &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 subcontinent.The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 Calcutta, and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973). &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong <i>Magic Mushroom Grow Boxes</i> to &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 believed to have been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually spread the spores.<br> According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 who have studied &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some farmers in early &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 one or &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 to a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still do Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 subcontinent.<br>The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia were brought from the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included 2 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with other domesticated farm animals. &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which were importedfrom &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 <H2>Pluteus salicinus</H2> &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms mentioned &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 first appeared &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 actually spread the spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 <a href="http://growset.com/copelandia_cambodgeniensis/copelandia_cyanescens.htm" title="Cambodgeniensis Cyanescens Cyanescens Cyanescens" alt="Cambodgeniensis Cyanescens Cyanescens Cyanescens" >Cambodgeniensis Cyanescens Cyanescens Cyanescens</a> &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 a recreational &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 belief that some farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 one or two basidiomes gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up and still do Margot &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, <p align="justify"> There are more than 1 <a href="http://growset.com/liberty_caps_psilocybe_semilancea/paul_stamets.htm" title="Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea Paul Stamets" alt="Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea Paul Stamets" >Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea Paul Stamets</a> &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms" in Australia and New </p> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <p align="justify"> &#98&#121 &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#44 Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#52&#46&#52&#108&#98&#115&#41 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#101 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 for <u>identification of magic mushrooms</u> scientific research &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 testing soon revealed psilocybin as an &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#102&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#97&#102&#101 for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#116&#105&#45&#100&#114&#117&#103 &#108&#101&#103&#105&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 framework of the mid1960s firmly established an &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 &#121&#101&#116 entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#46 &#79&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 account for &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 value systems later in &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 from my own childhood, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#73 was about five years old. &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#115&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#73 did grow up to become &#97 &#100&#101&#118&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#46 &#79&#110 the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#97 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 event has left &#109&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 memory of discovering &#97 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#102&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#105&#114&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 with vast numbers of &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the sense of awe I &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#46 <a href="http://growset.com/growing_hallucinogenic_mushrooms_cow_dung.htm" title="Growing Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Cow Dung" alt="Growing Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Cow Dung" >Growing Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Cow Dung</a> &#73&#110 general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are <u>identification of magic mushrooms</u> most likely responsible for strong impressions formed &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#108&#105&#102&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on.<br> An enduring &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species can serve to amplify or diminish &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 dispositions, depending on the influence &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#108&#44 judgments about the benefit or folly &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 <i>identification of magic mushrooms</i> &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 of consciousness are also colored identification of magic mushrooms by individual preferences, biases and opinions.<br> The following chapters &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Krieglsteiner).<br> &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 locatio </p> In addition, many early users &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia may have first become aware of their &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#98&#121 reading the published literature or the &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 the popular &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 late l960's and early &#108&#57&#55&#48&#39&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 often &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 deliberate intoxication's which resulted &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 several varieties of "magic mushrooms".<br> &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 one &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 an &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at &#97 &#115&#117&#98&#117&#114&#98&#97&#110 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#97&#114&#101 getting high on &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#39&#71&#111&#108&#100 &#84&#111&#112&#115&#46&#39 The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near &#84&#111&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#105&#103&#104 &#83&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting &#119&#105&#116&#104 <a href="http://growset.com/Conocybe_cyanopus/western_australia_drug_test_kits.htm" title="Conocybe Cyanopus Western Australia Drug Test Kits" alt="Conocybe Cyanopus Western Australia Drug Test Kits" >Conocybe Cyanopus Western Australia Drug Test Kits</a> &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#41&#46&#34 It would be very &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#110&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 read this above &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#105&#116 appeared in print, that those searching &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 &#114&#111&#108&#101 in promoting &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard &#111&#102 &#82&#46 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 personal account of &#104&#105&#115 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 <a href="http://growset.com/life_sciences_botany.htm" title="Life Forum Life Forum Life" alt="Life Forum Life Forum Life" >Life Forum Life Forum Life</a> &#111&#102 Southern Mexico. Dr. &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#97&#108 use of certain mushrooms as &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatecs and other native peoples in &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#44 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 1957). &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#111&#102 Wasson's research expedition appeared in an &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#76&#105&#102&#101 Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 incentive to seek out, find, &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 these mushrooms. <p align="right"> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://growset.com/Psilocybin_spores_buy_australia/psilocybin_mushroom_research.htm" title="Psilocybin Spores Buy Australia Psilocybin Mushroom Research" alt="Psilocybin Spores Buy Australia Psilocybin Mushroom Research" >Psilocybin Spores Buy Australia Psilocybin Mushroom Research</a> &#83&#97&#108&#105&#120&#44 &#111&#110 &#114&#97&#119 compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept.<br> Oct. &#78&#111&#118&#46 &#68&#101&#99&#46 &#74&#97&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#49 - Fruiting &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 Rhizomorphs &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 that serve to &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#115&#111 develop intense blue &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#51&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#52 &#45 Psilocybe cyanescens at &#97 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#40&#85&#83&#65&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#101&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of &#111&#110&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 part of controlled &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 with effects already noticeable ten &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#119 increasingly quiet. At first, &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44 then my underarms &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#119&#111 &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered <i>cow shrooms</i> with the &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful &#115&#116&#97&#98&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 I compared the pain to that caused by a &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#107&#110&#105&#102&#101&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 bloated and &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#108&#121 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 thinning hair stimulated a person's &#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#111&#110&#107 with &#116&#111&#110&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#101&#119&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 seemed to <u>magic mushroom drawings</u> be working a &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101 reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 &#108&#105&#102&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#105&#110&#103 behind closed eyes. During this period, &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 that an electrical &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 body, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#110 uncomfortable sensation. &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#73&#110 a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I <a href="http://growset.com/do_shrooms_show_up_on_drug_test/magic_shrooms.htm" title="Do Shrooms Show Up On Drug Test Magic Shrooms" alt="Do Shrooms Show Up On Drug Test Magic Shrooms" >Do Shrooms Show Up On Drug Test Magic Shrooms</a> finally felt &#97&#115 &#105&#102 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 no body &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#46 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o </p> <p align="left"> xican mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 need &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 this context. However, certain aspects concerning &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 these mushrooms as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters.<br> The &#109&#97&#105&#110 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book is to inspire further study of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 efforts and &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 ingredients. The extensive &#98&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 Bronze &#100&#111&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 entitled &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020).<br> CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON &#84&#72&#69 &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 OF &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 that &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 knew about &#97 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 that Europe is &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 than other regions. &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 recently discovered European mushroom <a href="http://growset.com/mario_shrooms/location_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Mario Shrooms Location Magic Mushroom" alt="Mario Shrooms Location Magic Mushroom" >Mario Shrooms Location Magic Mushroom</a> species &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 usage and &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 the world.<br> Most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 psychoactive plants and mushrooms &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 as a psychotropic agent in &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Europe at that time. While the &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Siberian tribes has generated &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 accounts of fly &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 generally include descriptions of such intensely &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have <a href="http://growset.com/pluteus_salicinus/psilocybe_brasiliensis.htm" title="Pluteus Salicinus Psilocybe Brasiliensis" alt="Pluteus Salicinus Psilocybe Brasiliensis" >Pluteus Salicinus Psilocybe Brasiliensis</a> had a much more significant influence on &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 conducted in Mexico.<br> I believe that historic accounts &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 indicate a knowledge of </p> </p> <h3>panaeolus and cyanescens @ 3/12/2010 8:03:30 AM</h3> <p> </p> <p> <p align="left"> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 and curing ceremonies by native peoples in &#77&#101&#115&#111&#97&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 3,000 years. &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 of hallucinogenic &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#98&#121 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#115 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 in various regions &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, &#66&#97&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#97&#59 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#121 media reports <a href="http://growset.com/cow_shit_shrooms/magic_mushroom_kits.htm" title="Cow Shit Shrooms Magic Mushroom Kits" alt="Cow Shit Shrooms Magic Mushroom Kits" >Cow Shit Shrooms Magic Mushroom Kits</a> in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the &#115&#99&#104&#111&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108 publications &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard <a href="http://growset.com/mushroom_magic_growing_copelandia/cow_shit_mushrooms.htm" title="Mushroom Magic Growing Copelandia Cow Shit Mushrooms" alt="Mushroom Magic Growing Copelandia Cow Shit Mushrooms" >Mushroom Magic Growing Copelandia Cow Shit Mushrooms</a> psychologist Timothy Leary, &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 &#83&#97&#110&#102&#111&#114&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#116&#104 guru Andrew Weil, and others (see &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#44 &#77&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 1991).<br>This field guide reviews the &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 accidental and &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#102&#117&#108 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119&#13&#10&#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 this guide &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 personal experiences in Australia by &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 apart shayanashop quel site vend des champignons &#102&#114&#111&#109 reports in the scientific literature, &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 the popular press, &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 Australian and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#40&#78&#90&#41&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 &#49&#57&#55&#48&#59 O'Neill, 1986). </p> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe ecialize in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 the fact that Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#13&#10&#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 knowledge &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#111&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109 of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost &#110&#111 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe.htm" title="Psilocybe" alt="Psilocybe" >Psilocybe</a> &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#116&#114&#105&#112&#115&#44 &#73 have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 near my &#104&#111&#109&#101&#116&#111&#119&#110 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#108&#100 &#105&#110 the Vorharz Mountains, &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 Duben as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 German marshland areas.<br> In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country.<br> A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111&#110&#121 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 16, p. 23).<br> The &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#109&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 during &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#108&#97&#116&#101 September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#98&#121 the side of the road. The soil below older &#99&#111&#119 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#121&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodies, &#109&#105&#114&#114&#111&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108 saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season.<br> However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101&#101&#112 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 areas inside forests are usually &#103&#114&#97&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#114&#44 who provide the soil with additional fertilization. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 in locations where artificial fertilizer <a href="http://growset.com/buy_shrooms_online/galerina_steglechii.htm" title="Buy Shrooms Online Galerina Steglechii" alt="Buy Shrooms Online Galerina Steglechii" >Buy Shrooms Online Galerina Steglechii</a> has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks &#111&#114 &#115&#119&#97&#109&#112&#13&#10&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#115&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#116&#101 the soil with water.<br> During the summertime, the &#119&#97&#114&#109 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#119&#101&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 an excellent environment for &#111&#112&#116&#105&#109&#97&#108&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 &#73&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 the mushroom's habitat ranges from the &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 where the species has been found at altitudes of up to &#49&#44&#55&#50&#48 &#109 &#40&#53&#44&#49&#54&#48 &#102&#116&#41 above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected &#97&#116&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#51&#51&#48 to 1,000 &#109 &#40&#49&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#45&#13&#10 Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars.<br> I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third &#115&#121&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#117&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#111&#108&#108&#101&#103&#101 for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#97&#115&#116 Germany.<br> Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 and crossing over into new &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 through &#104&#105&#109 &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#110&#111 trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard <a href="http://growset.com/mushroom_growing_kits/psilocybe_mexicana.htm" title="Mushroom Growing Kits Psilocybe Mexicana" alt="Mushroom Growing Kits Psilocybe Mexicana" >Mushroom Growing Kits Psilocybe Mexicana</a> &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 a &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 borders. Finally, &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#87&#101&#115&#116 German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#121 &#98&#101 &#97 connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 political &#99&#111&#110&#102&#108&#105&#99&#116&#115&#63&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 even &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#111&#119&#110 &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 and &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 release &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#104&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of political power struggles.<br> It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 able to readjust reality.<br> But today, no aspiring magician should go about this &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 a guide &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old &#114&#111&#99&#107 &#100&#114&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 &#84&#72&#69 &#84&#73&#77&#69 &#72&#65&#83 &#67&#79&#77&#69 FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE &#70&#73&#69&#76&#68&#83 &#79&#70 &#77&#89&#67&#79&#76&#79&#71&#89&#44 &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When &#82&#46&#71&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#82&#46 &#72&#101&#105&#109 and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 isolation, molecular structure &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39 active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 mushroom &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 became the first in a &#115&#101&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#101&#119&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 species.<br> Since then, psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported with increasing frequency.<br> As part of &#109&#121 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good &#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 of a research team &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in a variety of mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#78&#111&#119 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 and study of the Me INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <p align="center"> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/erowid/mellow_mushroom.htm" title="Erowid Mellow Mushroom" alt="Erowid Mellow Mushroom" >Erowid Mellow Mushroom</a> &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 Australian &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 in Australia, as well as members of its &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 became aware &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#77&#99&#67&#97&#114&#116&#104&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#49&#41&#46 This physician reported that &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#50&#49 other drugs "was well demonstrated &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#111&#110 &#100&#114&#117&#103 abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#57&#54&#57&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 relied &#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#111&#102 &#53&#49 people &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#34&#116&#104&#101 &#96&#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#39 subculture local &#98&#101&#97&#99&#104 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#114&#116&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#110&#111 suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#116&#105&#116&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#98&#117&#116 a proportion of our &#40&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110&#41 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#116&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#90&#46 </p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn </p> </div> </div> <div id="footer"><br /> Webdesign by <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_law/drug.htm" title="Magic Chat Magic Chat Magic Chat Mushroom" alt="Magic Chat Magic Chat Magic Chat Mushroom" >Magic Chat Magic Chat Magic Chat Mushroom</a> / <a href='http://www.brasilbeachhouses.com' alt='brasilbeachhouses' >brasilbeachhouses</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms/ls-Magic_Mushrooms-1024-pm14.aspx' alt='Magic mushrooms' >Magic mushrooms</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms-14-hc.aspx' alt='Magic Shrooms' >Magic Shrooms</a><br> </div> </body>