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title="Magic Mushroom Law Drug" alt="Magic Mushroom Law Drug" >Magic Mushroom Law Drug</a> In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 first become aware of their mind-altering and <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_law/drug.htm" title="Magic Mushroom Law Drug" alt="Magic Mushroom Law Drug" >Magic Mushroom Law Drug</a> visionary effects by reading the published literature &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 appearing in the popular &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 late l960's &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#108&#57&#55&#48&#39&#115&#46 <H3>Mushrooms Oaxaca Magic</H3> &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 news items &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 newspaper report provided &#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 use &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 young teenagers at &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#105&#110 Brisbane: ".<br>.<br>.<br>children at &#97 &#115&#117&#98&#117&#114&#98&#97&#110 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#97&#114&#101 getting high on mushrooms &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#39&#71&#111&#108&#100 &#84&#111&#112&#115&#46&#39 &#84&#104&#101 mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near &#84&#111&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#105&#103&#104 &#83&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 children in search of `kicks' have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109 (Unsigned, 1972).<br>" It would &#98&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#111 anyone who read this &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#105&#116 appeared &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is &#121&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#116 may Psilocybe eucalypta have played a significant role in &#112&#114&#111&#109&#111&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 use of psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 of R. Gordon Wasson's personal &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#111&#117&#115 rediscovery &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 <b>Mushrooms Oaxaca Magic</b> cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 <H3>Psilocybe eucalypta</H3> &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 among the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek &#111&#117&#116&#44 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 experiment with these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 <p align="center"> &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia <a href="http://growset.com/aquarium_kits/psilocybe_natalensis.htm" title="Aquarium Kits Psilocybe Natalensis" alt="Aquarium Kits Psilocybe Natalensis" >Aquarium Kits Psilocybe Natalensis</a> &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 <a href="http://growset.com/Magic_mushroom_pictures.htm" title="Mushroom Archives Mushroom Archives Pictures" alt="Mushroom Archives Mushroom Archives Pictures" >Mushroom Archives Mushroom Archives Pictures</a> of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110 </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of </p> <h3>children Moon</h3> <p> n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <p align="left"> &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 of Australia's beef cattle can &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 coastal areas of Queensland and New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 Northern Victoria, &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101 &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 environments for &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 especially after heavy rains. It &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with their livestock.<br>" This same spore &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 applies &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus and several &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 occur &#105&#110 &#111&#114 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 dung of <b>mushroom mushroom</b> other ruminants. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well as in the central lowlands, &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 known to export these psychoptic species <a href="http://growset.com/buy_magic_mushroom/mushroom.htm" title="Buy Magic Mushroom Mushroom" alt="Buy Magic Mushroom Mushroom" >Buy Magic Mushroom Mushroom</a> to various areas in Australia from "Find Magic Mushrooms In Scotland" areas where they were collected. In the &#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 for Copelandia cyanescens, but &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 and not directly from manure &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101 identification &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. </p> In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. &#13&#10&#73&#78&#84&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#13&#10&#77&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 healing &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 native peoples in Mesoamerica <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushrooms_uk/Copelandia_Cyanescens.htm" title="Cyanescens Forum Cyanescens Forum Cyanescens Forum Uk Forum Mushrooms" alt="Cyanescens Forum Cyanescens Forum Cyanescens Forum Uk Forum Mushrooms" >Cyanescens Forum Cyanescens Forum Cyanescens Forum Uk Forum Mushrooms</a> for more than 3,000 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 regions of the &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#67&#97&#110&#97&#100&#97&#44 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#41&#44 &#83&#99&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#97&#118&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 Southeast &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#44 &#66&#97&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#97&#59 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand.<br> The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#97 reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and &#73&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#116&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#121 the scholarly and popular &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 <a href="http://growset.com/erowid/mellow_mushroom.htm" title="Erowid Mellow Mushroom" alt="Erowid Mellow Mushroom" >Erowid Mellow Mushroom</a> &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#110&#111&#119&#110 ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 Sanford, health guru &#65&#110&#100&#114&#101&#119 &#87&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand.<br> Information &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#104&#97&#115 been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 scientific literature, news &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 press, and &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 and New Zealand &#40&#78&#90&#41&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 &#49&#57&#55&#48&#59 &#79&#39&#78&#101&#105&#108&#108&#44 1986).<br> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="left"> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz &#80&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#50 &#107&#103 (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#111&#111&#110 revealed psilocybin &#97&#115 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 was perfectly <a href="http://growset.com/are_shrooms_legal_in_france/drawings_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Are Shrooms Legal In France Drawings Magic Mushroom" alt="Are Shrooms Legal In France Drawings Magic Mushroom" >Are Shrooms Legal In France Drawings Magic Mushroom</a> safe for &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Despite this evidence, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#116&#105&#45&#100&#114&#117&#103 &#108&#101&#103&#105&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 &#111&#102 the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched &#112&#111&#108&#105&#99&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#115&#13&#10&#116&#111&#100&#97&#121 and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 world and can &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#97&#108&#108 continents.<br> These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 <u>Mushrooms South Africa</u> in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#46 Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 account for the development &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 value systems &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 an &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100&#44 which occurred when I was &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#111&#108&#100&#46 &#73 was playing in a grassy meadow, when a &#103&#105&#114&#108 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 brown mushroom &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#115&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#116 was inedible and poisonous. While I &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 encounter, I did grow &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97 devoted mushroom enthusiast.<br> On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 &#109&#101&#109&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 a &#108&#97&#110&#100&#102&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#105&#114&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#118&#97&#115&#116 numbers of gilled bluing &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 awe I experienced &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#46 &#73&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#44 the &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 responsible &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#105&#110 life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 serve to amplify or &#100&#105&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors.<br> After all, judgments about &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#101&#102&#105&#116 &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#121 of deliberately altering one's state &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 colored by individual &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 across Europe <a href="http://growset.com/magic_michigan_mushroom/morel_mushroom/" title="MUSHROOM Archives MUSHROOM Archives MOREL Archives MUSHROOM Archives MICHIGAN" alt="MUSHROOM Archives MUSHROOM Archives MOREL Archives MUSHROOM Archives MICHIGAN" >MUSHROOM Archives MUSHROOM Archives MOREL Archives MUSHROOM Archives MICHIGAN</a> and North &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 dots indicate approximate locatio </p> went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o </p> <h3>magic mushrooms @ 3/11/2010 2:02:58 AM</h3> <p> </p> <p> <div align="justify"> several members &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 that Husserl &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/hydroponics_shrooms/" title="Hydroponics Shrooms" alt="Hydroponics Shrooms" >Hydroponics Shrooms</a> &#105&#110 pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 creation.<br> Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 other, presences &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 bodies immaterialized by the blackness, &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 communality.<br> In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis.<br> The chemicals of transformation &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 the circuits of light, vision, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms, whether &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 ailment or to resolve a &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 want to repeat &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of the brain very frequently: &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 vocation it is &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 because they are the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of language, the men &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 call to be with them, as a guide, one of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be particularly &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 of the spirit.<br> The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 speak or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 everyone is &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 and &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 speaks &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who are present. As &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 Spanish chroniclers of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 pay a sorcerer &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#91&#116&#104&#101 mushrooms] &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 they have &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 so by means of a &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 voice.<br>"several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 said &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 eaten in &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 and woman that symbolizes &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 procreation and &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 together &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 with each &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 together, their bodies immaterialized by the &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 their &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 sense, for everyone present the purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic catharsis.<br> The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 called by us &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 American Indians as medicines: the means given to &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 heal, to see and to say &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 many, one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 their lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 whether to cure themselves &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 to resolve &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 is not &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 predilection for such extreme and arduous &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination or who would &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 into the strange, unknown &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 very frequently: those who &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 the men of language, the men of wisdom.<br> They are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 people to be expert &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 and when the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 they always &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 them, as a &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit.<br> The medicine man presides over the session, &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatec family is &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101 liberating &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 so by &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 chant in full voice."several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 a father, mother, children, uncles, and &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 in these &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 that &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 higher plan. The kinship relation is &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 the transcendental subjectivity &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 intersubjectivity.<br> The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 and &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 dual principle of procreation and &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 together in &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 and realize and &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In a general sense, for everyone present &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 that open the circuits of light, vision, and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 were known &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 medicines: the means &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 know and &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 and &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 Among the Mazatecs, many, one time &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 lives, have &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 to cure &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 &#116&#111 resolve &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 brain &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 the men of language, the men &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 individuals recognized by their &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 in &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 when &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 they always call to be &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 guide, one of those who is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 acquainted &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 being &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As one of the early Spanish chroniclers &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 said: "They pay &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 them &#91&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 what they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 does so by means of a rhythmic &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 that elevate consciousness onto &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 kinship relation is thus the basis of the &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 said is intersubjectivity.<br> The mushrooms themselves are &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream and realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In a general &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 the purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic catharsis.<br> The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits &#111&#102 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 communication, called by &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to the American &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 <a href="http://growset.com/how_to_find_magic_mushroom/how_to_grow_magic_mushroom.htm" title="How To Find Magic Mushroom How To Grow Magic Mushroom" alt="How To Find Magic Mushroom How To Grow Magic Mushroom" >How To Find Magic Mushroom How To Grow Magic Mushroom</a> &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 means given &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 and to heal, &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 to resolve a problem; but it is &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 a &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 and arduous experiences of the &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 would want &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 by &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 expert in &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 when &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms they always call to be with &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 one of those who is considered to be &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 modalities of the spirit.<br> The &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 them the mushrooms and tells them what they have &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." </div> <p align="center"> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116 &#97 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern &#99&#111&#114&#110&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are &#97&#108&#108 <a href="http://growset.com/mushroom_identification/effects_of_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Mushroom Identification Effects Of Magic Mushroom" alt="Mushroom Identification Effects Of Magic Mushroom" >Mushroom Identification Effects Of Magic Mushroom</a> &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 town of &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 called Mazatec and they have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#105&#110 the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#108&#121 speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village &#111&#102 <a href="http://growset.com/PSILOCYBIN_kit_BUY/magic_mushroom_mycelial_growth_photos/" title="Psilocybin Kit Buy Magic Mushroom Mycelial Growth Photos" alt="Psilocybin Kit Buy Magic Mushroom Mycelial Growth Photos" >Psilocybin Kit Buy Magic Mushroom Mycelial Growth Photos</a> &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 same mountains.<br> </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cubensis (when grown &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 &#97 dosage &#111&#102 &#49 &#116&#111 &#50 gm of &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 had previously &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 from &#51 &#116&#111 &#53 &#103&#109 of dried material.<br> This dosage would be &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116 of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#121&#46 &#73&#110 1982, one research team &#34&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#117&#116&#100&#111&#111&#114&#115 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#101&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#46&#34 A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 one &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#117&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#111&#114 &#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110&#121 as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm &#116&#111 &#53&#46&#57 &#103&#109 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 (10 gm &#116&#111 &#52&#48 &#103&#109 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104&#41&#34&#44 of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 as &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#104 of these latter &#116&#119&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#105&#107&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49 &#116&#111 &#51 <a href="http://growset.com/buy_shrooms_online.htm" title="Buy Shrooms Online" alt="Buy Shrooms Online" >Buy Shrooms Online</a> &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 specimens (cap diameter c. 5 &#109&#109&#41&#44 &#111&#114 &#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110&#121 as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 amounts of this mushroom &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#115 many as &#53&#48 &#116&#111 &#50&#48&#48 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 specimens of various sizes.<br> This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb </p> </div> </div> <div id="footer"><br /> Webdesign by <a href="http://growset.com/Magic_mushroom_pictures.htm" title="Magic Mushroom Pictures" alt="Magic Mushroom Pictures" >Magic Mushroom Pictures</a> / <a href='http://www.brasilbeachhouses.com' alt='brasilbeachhouses' >brasilbeachhouses</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms/ls-Magic_Mushrooms-1024-pm14.aspx' alt='Magic mushrooms' >Magic mushrooms</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms-14-hc.aspx' alt='Magic Shrooms' >Magic Shrooms</a><br> </div> </body>