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href="http://growset.com/sitemap.aspx">Sitemap</a></li><li><a href="http://growset.com/sitemap.xml">Sitemap XML</a></li><li><a href="http://growset.com/rss/">RSS</a></li><li><a href="http://growset.com/mobile.aspx">Mobile version</a></li></a></li> <li><a href="/Chat.html"></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="content"> <h3>boxes is grow grow is what</h3> <p> <img border="0" src="/images/How-To-Identify-Magic-Mushrooms-In-Northern-Cultur" > <div align="center"> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 used in &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#98&#121 Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#67&#97&#114&#105&#98&#98&#101&#97&#110&#44 &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 Europe (especially in &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#41&#44 &#83&#99&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#97&#118&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110&#44 non-traditional use of hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 by media reports &#105&#110 &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 Sanford, health guru Andrew <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_semilanceata/psilocybe_pelliculosa/" title="Psilocybe Semilanceata Psilocybe Pelliculosa" alt="Psilocybe Semilanceata Psilocybe Pelliculosa" >Psilocybe Semilanceata Psilocybe Pelliculosa</a> &#87&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide <b>Shrooms</b> reviews the &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 accidental and purposeful use &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand. Information in &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 gathered from personal experiences in Australia by &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 reports in the &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 appearing in &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 with Australian and &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#40&#78&#90&#41&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 1970; O'Neill, 1986). </div> &#13&#10&#77&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97&#13&#10&#119&#105&#108&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#119 in forests on wood chips &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#97&#119&#100&#117&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#117&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#66&#105&#103&#119&#111&#111&#100 were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#97&#107&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#105&#116&#115 psychotropic effects than comparable species.<br> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48&#45&#53&#48&#37 of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#58 &#66&#108&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#118&#121&#44 &#67&#121&#97&#110&#44 Grandote), &#97 <a href="http://growset.com/3d_shrooms/" title="Shrooms 3D" alt="Shrooms 3D" >Shrooms 3D</a> &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 Pacific Northwest.<br> &#73&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#114&#107&#115&#44 forming partial fairy rings. This species did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 until the &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#46 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 most abundantly in the fall.<br> A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips &#97&#115 &#97 &#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#83&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 species have been &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#98&#121 &#80&#46 &#83&#116&#97&#109&#101&#116&#115 offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#44 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of <H1>Mushroom Spores Mailed To Australia</H1> a &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116 &#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 at the University of Washington &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 were &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107&#13&#10&#109&#117&#108&#99&#104&#44 which came from a &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 had been spread widely across &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#112&#117&#115 &#98&#121 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#101 to the bluing reaction, students &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 that &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#97 belief that &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 sudden &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#97&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 fruiting bodies &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#117&#110&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any case, in 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures &#53&#52&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#55&#49&#41&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 species can be found <H2>I Mushrooms Where can I Where Illinois I</H2> growing on bark &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 <a href="http://growset.com/portabello_mushroom_recipe/how_to_find_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Magic Mushroom Recipe How How To Find How" alt="Magic Mushroom Recipe How How To Find How" >Magic Mushroom Recipe How How To Find How</a> &#105&#110 parks, on &#103&#111&#108&#102 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#102&#111&#111&#116&#98&#97&#108&#108 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#97&#110&#100 gardens in &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#115&#111 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#105&#116 is considered &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata.<br> In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#114&#101&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#44 even &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#105&#116&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 it to be slightly more &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Still, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 because it begins to fruit during the spring. The &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, &#100&#111&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#102&#97&#108&#108 and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe ed and large &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 conducted, primarily with LSD. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity.<br> Even though basic research &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#44 unfortunately, &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/erowid/mellow_mushroom.htm" title="Erowid Mellow Mushroom" alt="Erowid Mellow Mushroom" >Erowid Mellow Mushroom</a> &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 a rather &#111&#110&#101&#45&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#76&#83&#68 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#115&#99&#97&#108&#105&#110&#101 - an approach &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#105&#110 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#105&#115&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 pharmacologists and toxicologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#105&#97&#116&#114&#105&#115&#116&#115 and psychologists on the other can often be traced all &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 the 1950's, creating a legacy &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#103&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 that have &#121&#101&#116 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#46 Grof undertook the tedious task &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#53&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#114 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 all of the time. His &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 altered states of consciousness, which do &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#121&#110&#100&#114&#111&#109&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#101&#100 "toxic psychosis". Rather, it &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the experimental setting &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 of the psychedelic experience.<br> This view &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of &#78&#97&#109&#101&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#97&#100 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 experiences inspired the use of labels &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#34&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 differing semantic connotations: <u>Zoomers</u> entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others.<br> "Phantastica" (Lewin) &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114 used to describe this &#99&#108&#97&#115&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 successfully &#101&#118&#111&#107&#101&#115 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#44 &#102&#97&#110&#99&#105&#102&#117&#108&#13&#10&#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#115&#97&#121&#115 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 of those who &#117&#115&#101 <H2>Zoomies</H2> &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 any &#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#111&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 the alkaloids they &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_spore/magic_mushroom_spore.htm" title="Magic Mushroom Spore Magic Mushroom Spore" alt="Magic Mushroom Spore Magic Mushroom Spore" >Magic Mushroom Spore Magic Mushroom Spore</a> too positive &#97 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#119&#97&#115 popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low &#100&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 first time, these substances are &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#111 &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 a kind of magical &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 heightened ability to &#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#116&#108&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 <b>Zoomies</b> &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 spectru Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among users until the mid-1970s. species still fruits most abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central distribution point and which had been spread widely across the campus by gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at the university assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any case, in 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it begins to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe </p> <h3>LIBERTY CAPS</h3> <p> In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. &#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 species, &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to share their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy or &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 <a href="http://growset.com/shrooms_spore/shrooms_story.htm" title="Shrooms Spore Shrooms Story" alt="Shrooms Spore Shrooms Story" >Shrooms Spore Shrooms Story</a> &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 olive-brown &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 some greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale yellow, while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the bottom.<br> &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its flavor is mild.<br> The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation.<br> Mycologists spa have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 mycologists have often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; only the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 bald, with an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 It is odorless and its flavor is &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 gregarious &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 here as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with an English translation.<br> Mycologists spa have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom. It &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild.<br> The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation.<br> Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance wherever &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 in reference to the Psilocybe species. &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they are wide, margins are &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown.<br> Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 uniformly thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 white fibrous cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless and its flavor is mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112 <div align="justify"> CATTLE AS A &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species such as the &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 west coast of America.<br> &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and confined to such habitats, must in thecase &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 to introduced species". It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 kangaroo droppings &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 <a href="http://growset.com/picking_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Magic Picking Picking" alt="Magic Picking Picking" >Magic Picking Picking</a> &#111&#102 P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they were already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 Calcutta, and the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973).<br> According &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 spores. According to Englishmycologist &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Royal Botanic &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 "it must beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some mycologists who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ claim that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 still do] Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were already there naturally. Other species such as the &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 cows, along with other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape, Calcutta, and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America.<br> It was during this period thatsome of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in early times may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 two &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 a mealto liven it &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand?" Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive in Australia were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://growset.com/paul_stamets/game_shrooms.htm" title="Paul Stamets Game Shrooms" alt="Paul Stamets Game Shrooms" >Paul Stamets Game Shrooms</a> &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and confined &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 in thecase of Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 species".<br> It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change substrate &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 claim that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 to confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in early times may have added &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up and still do Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </div> <p align="justify"> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 <H3>mexican mushroom buy</H3> &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms, inhabit a &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Sierra &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 called Mazatec &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/buy_psychoactive_mushrooms/magic_mushrooms_adelaide/" title="Buy Psychoactive Mushrooms Magic Mushrooms Adelaide" alt="Buy Psychoactive Mushrooms Magic Mushrooms Adelaide" >Buy Psychoactive Mushrooms Magic Mushrooms Adelaide</a> referred to in the previous &#97&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 I have &#114&#101&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Mazatlan &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </p> <p align="left"> a &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 Scotland, England, &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or greenish-yellow against an overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by a &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edge. &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, gill spacing is quite &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & Schulz (1927) is shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe semilanceata, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. <a href="http://growset.com/shrooms_in_cow_manure/what_mushrooms_grow_on_rotten_wood/" title="Shrooms In Cow Manure What Mushrooms Grow On Rotten Wood" alt="Shrooms In Cow Manure What Mushrooms Grow On Rotten Wood" >Shrooms In Cow Manure What Mushrooms Grow On Rotten Wood</a> Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive brown to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached later on.<br> Spores are elongated &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its flavor is mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, frequently in gregarious &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 <b>how to grow magic mushrooms</b> &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species. The sarcastic &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy or &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around the edge. No &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 quite crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom. It is odorless and &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently in gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species.<br> Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following countries: Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 to share their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 The sarcastic &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in abundance wherever &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 in reference to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap is 1.5-4 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried. Lacking &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry.<br> Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical in shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom. It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is shown here as originally &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an English translation.<br> Mycologists sp </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="justify"> own cause of death &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 and insanity.<br> &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 have <a href="http://growset.com/mexico_mushroom_buy.htm" title="MEXICO MUSHROOM MUSHROOM" alt="MEXICO MUSHROOM MUSHROOM" >MEXICO MUSHROOM MUSHROOM</a> survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 u &#99 &#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 slick Austrian description of a &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 "who ate those madness-inducing &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#87&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 poet and contemporary &#111&#102 &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 &#107&#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 of the gods. WHO &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 quasi-cannibalistic &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 eating the children of the &#103&#111&#100&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 the truly divine.<br> But not all mushrooms enable &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 the realm of divine consciousness. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 spawn of the Devil throughout the &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 well into modern times.<br> The &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 in Mexico referred to &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 inconspicuous mushrooms as &#116&#101&#111&#110&#97&#114&#116&#97&#99&#97&#116&#108&#44 &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 intended to contact the Gods &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 about the world and the realm of <i>how to grow magic mushrooms</i> &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 worshippers, were hounded by the &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#103&#111&#111&#100 things survive the &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#115&#111 the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 gained from the use of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 wonderful, that our &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 - which were gene ; considered inedible &#45 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Aztec Gods. The &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Mexico and &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#97&#100&#101 from &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 has made an &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the <u>effects effects salicinus of</u> scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 than &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#110&#100 courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia.<br> I am convinced &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 by the spirit <b>effects effects salicinus of</b> of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 from reality </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me </p> <h3>Mushroom Spores Mailed To Australia @ 3/11/2010 6:40:33 PM</h3> <p> </p> <p> The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New <p align="center"> ure of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose &#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#46 The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of &#100&#97&#109&#97&#103&#101 &#45 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#111 far &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species.<br> It is safe to say &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#101 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119 a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis.<br> To &#97 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is available about other species &#97&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 knowledge, future researchers may well &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#110&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 of these species, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 that &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 experiments, it has already been established &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#102 differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 the relatively complex methodology and the type &#111&#102 &#101&#113&#117&#105&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#100 maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by &#108&#97&#121&#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushroom's popularity or widen its area <u>Mexican Mushroom Buy</u> &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#115&#111&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 since &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 <u>growset psylocybe-cyanescens</u> &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used &#34&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#117&#116&#100&#111&#111&#114&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#34 &#116&#111 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 wood chips &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#101&#114&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 &#40&#110&#111&#116 from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 season. Figure 50 - &#83&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 <a href="http://growset.com/identify_shrooms/panaeolus_sphinctrinus/" title="Identify Shrooms Panaeolus Sphinctrinus" alt="Identify Shrooms Panaeolus Sphinctrinus" >Identify Shrooms Panaeolus Sphinctrinus</a> &#111&#102 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens on a &#108&#105&#113&#117&#105&#100 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#49 - Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 and rice.<br> Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#65&#82&#79&#85&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 &#87&#79&#82&#76&#68&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 53 - Psilocybe cubensis &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#52 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 stuntzii (grasslands variety) &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#67&#111&#108&#117&#109&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#53 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable &#100&#101&#98&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo &#116&#45&#115&#104&#105&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114 the Western tourist &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#116&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#46&#49&#13&#10&#83&#80&#79&#84&#76&#73&#71&#72&#84 &#79&#78 &#78&#79&#82&#84&#72 &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to <b>growset psylocybe-cyanescens</b> report the detection of psilocybin &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#40&#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 & Smith, a North &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#79&#110&#101 year later, two research &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe &#98&#97&#101&#111&#99&#121&#115&#116&#105&#115 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and <a href="http://growset.com/identify_shrooms/panaeolus_sphinctrinus/" title="Identify Shrooms Panaeolus Sphinctrinus" alt="Identify Shrooms Panaeolus Sphinctrinus" >Identify Shrooms Panaeolus Sphinctrinus</a> &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 </p> <p align="center"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 that these materials &#110&#101&#101&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 this context.<br> However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#108&#108 receive more detailed attention &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#110 purpose of this &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 study of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 efforts &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 - Bronze doors with mushroom &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 at Hildesheim Cathedral, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 substances compared to early cultures &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 Botanical evidence does not &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 is &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 than other regions. &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 in Europe similar to those found in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that early European cultures learned &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world.<br> &#77&#111&#115&#116 <b>Liberty Caps</b> &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 at some &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#115 early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#40&#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 muscaria) was known for <a href="http://growset.com/copelandia_cyanescens.htm" title="Copelandia Cyanescens" alt="Copelandia Cyanescens" >Copelandia Cyanescens</a> its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 Europe &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 is very little evidence from <b>Fun guys</b> the Middle Ages &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of the effects of specific mushrooms on &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 that &#112&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 Europe at that time. While the &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_grower_guide/mushroom_pic.htm" title="Guide About Guide About Mushroom About Guide About Grower About Mushroom" alt="Guide About Guide About Mushroom About Guide About Grower About Mushroom" >Guide About Guide About Mushroom About Guide About Grower About Mushroom</a> &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#100&#111 not generally include descriptions of such intensely &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of specific &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 likely to have had &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 induce unconsciousness and &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#105&#100&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#105&#115 hypothesis &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#100&#97&#116&#97 from comprehensive &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of </p> as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to <p align="center"> &#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 that man in the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#8212&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 Australia—has made less use &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 is little &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#102 of the globe is poorer or richer in species &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 the other half. Why, then, should there be &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121&#63 &#72&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_cubensis_fields/psilocybin_growing_kits.htm" title="Psilocybe Cubensis Fields Psilocybin Growing Kits" alt="Psilocybe Cubensis Fields Psilocybin Growing Kits" >Psilocybe Cubensis Fields Psilocybin Growing Kits</a> utilized? Or has man &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 been &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 narcotics? We have no real answer. But we &#100&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#104&#97&#115 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#101&#109&#112&#108&#111&#121&#101&#100 hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#49&#53 &#111&#114 20 species &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101&#44 the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than &#49&#48&#48&#33 &#89&#101&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the Old World hallucinogens today &#104&#111&#108&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#99&#121 throughout the world. <a href="http://growset.com/wild_mushroom/magic_mushroom_kit/" title="Wild Mushroom Magic Mushroom Kit" alt="Wild Mushroom Magic Mushroom Kit" >Wild Mushroom Magic Mushroom Kit</a> Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#104&#97&#112&#115 the best example.<br> The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' &#98&#114&#101&#119&#115&#8212&#104&#101&#110&#98&#97&#110&#101&#44 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101&#44 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#97&#100&#111&#110&#110&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 mandrake—greatly influenced &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#115&#111&#112&#104&#121&#44 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#44 &#97&#110&#100 even history for &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 an extraordinarily vital religious role &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 of northern &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#111&#102 hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#105&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#110&#111&#119 being investigated. At every &#116&#117&#114&#110&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#101 </p> This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin </p> </div> </div> <div id="footer"><br /> Webdesign by <a href="http://growset.com/growth_of_cyanescens_botany/espanha.htm" title="Growth Of Cyanescens Botany Espanha" alt="Growth Of Cyanescens Botany Espanha" >Growth Of Cyanescens Botany Espanha</a> / <a href='http://www.brasilbeachhouses.com' alt='brasilbeachhouses' >brasilbeachhouses</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms/ls-Magic_Mushrooms-1024-pm14.aspx' alt='Magic mushrooms' >Magic mushrooms</a><br><a href='http://www.shayanashop.com/Magic_Mushrooms-14-hc.aspx' alt='Magic Shrooms' >Magic Shrooms</a><br> </div> </body>