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src="/images/Magic-Mushrooms-Kits-Japanese-Shrooms-Drawings.jpg" > INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <p <u>magic mushroom grow kit</u> <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_tea.htm" title="MUSHROOM TEA MUSHROOM" alt="MUSHROOM TEA MUSHROOM" >MUSHROOM TEA MUSHROOM</a> <b>Pictures Of Magical Mushrooms</b> align="left"> <a href="http://growset.com/magic_mushroom_tea.htm" title="MUSHROOM TEA MUSHROOM" alt="MUSHROOM TEA MUSHROOM" >MUSHROOM TEA MUSHROOM</a> Mind-altering &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 mushroom drawings &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been traditionally &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 by native </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <div align="left"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 <a href="http://growset.com/cow_shit_shrooms/statistics_on_shrooms.htm" title="Cow Shit Shrooms Statistics On Shrooms" alt="Cow Shit Shrooms Statistics On Shrooms" >Cow Shit Shrooms Statistics On Shrooms</a> Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 Page) "Who &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 - <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_aucklandii/side_effects_of_shrooms.htm" title="Psilocybe Aucklandii Side Effects Of Shrooms" alt="Psilocybe Aucklandii Side Effects Of Shrooms" >Psilocybe Aucklandii Side Effects Of Shrooms</a> Foreword &#98&#121 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 9 2. Reflections &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3.<br> The Current State of &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 14 3.1 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 Species Among &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens: &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 Wood Debris &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 and Myths Magic Mushrooms That Grow In Wood about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.<br>5 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 from &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms &#111&#102 &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 The &#66&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7.<br> Psychotropic Mushroom &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 77 7.1 Spotlight on &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.<br>3 Australia's &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 Phantastika 102 9. &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 from the shadows of prehistory to enter &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom was eaten by a &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 <b>Pictures Pictures Pictures</b> &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 beyond the &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a fool &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 by &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 things &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 humid &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 fangs; they &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn </div> </p> <h3>gold tops mushroom location gold coast</h3> <p> <p align="center"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 so &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100 &#110&#111&#116 be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later &#99&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#110 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book is &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 mushrooms, particularly &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients.<br> The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 and Judgment" &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON &#84&#72&#69 &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 native to the American continent &#107&#110&#101&#119 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 large number of natural mind-altering substances compared &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 in Europe or Asia. &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 number of &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 containing psilocybin indicate &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#105&#110 Europe similar to those <a href="http://growset.com/where_magic_mushrooms_grow_wild_in_scotland.htm" title="Mushrooms Grow Scotland In Grow Where Where" alt="Mushrooms Grow Scotland In Grow Where Where" >Mushrooms Grow Scotland In Grow Where Where</a> found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 mushrooms through &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 and mushrooms &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 agaric mushroom (Amanita &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#111&#114 its psychoactive &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 the conclusion that &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 very little &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#110 <H2>mushrooms hallucinogenic much much bc</H2> human consciousness. However, I &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 psychoactive mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 muscaria &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time.<br> While the usage of Amanita &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 generated reports &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 more significant influence on early European &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#114&#105&#117&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 by Amanita muscaria, a species that is &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 and severe somatic side effects.<br> This hypothesis is corroborated &#98&#121 &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 studies conducted in Mexico. I believe &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 those described &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 knowledge &#111&#102 </p> <i>psilocybes hawiian</i> <p align="justify"> There are more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/blue_ringer_shrooms/magic_mushroom_kits.htm" title="Blue Ringer Shrooms Magic Mushroom Kits" alt="Blue Ringer Shrooms Magic Mushroom Kits" >Blue Ringer Shrooms Magic Mushroom Kits</a> &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of "magic mushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </p> <p align="center"> &#98&#121 &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#44 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122 Pharmaceuticals manufactured &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#50 &#107&#103 &#40&#99&#97&#46 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 testing soon revealed &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100 that was perfectly &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#102&#111&#114 <a href="http://growset.com/mushrooms.htm" title="Mushrooms" alt="Mushrooms" >Mushrooms</a> &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#115 under &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established &#97&#110 &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 yet entrenched policy that still prevails today &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101 scientific investigation of promising &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 other alkaloids. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 all continents. These mushrooms are no different &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#121 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#97&#110&#100 must not be excluded &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend <a href="http://growset.com/mushroom_risotto/magic_mushroom_season/" title="Mushroom Risotto Magic Mushroom Season" alt="Mushroom Risotto Magic Mushroom Season" >Mushroom Risotto Magic Mushroom Season</a> to develop their own personal &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#46 Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 childhood events, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 seldom account for the development of &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#97 grassy meadow, when a &#103&#105&#114&#108 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#73 have never &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#73 did grow up to become &#97 &#100&#101&#118&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#46 &#79&#110 the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#97 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 has left me with the vivid memory of &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#102&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#105&#114&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#118&#97&#115&#116 numbers of &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the sense of awe I &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#46 &#73&#110 general, the &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#65&#110 &#101&#110&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve &#116&#111&#13&#10&#97&#109&#112&#108&#105&#102&#121 &#111&#114 &#100&#105&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 <u>Cow Shrooms</u> as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 by individual preferences, &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 chapters are meant to illustrate &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#112&#114&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#51&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#67&#85&#82&#82&#69&#78&#84 &#83&#84&#65&#84&#69 OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 and North Africa (according &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#66&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115 indicate approximate locatio </p> <div align="center"> &#117&#108&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#98&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#110&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 size &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#44 &#116&#111 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 Overall, however, these unfortunate &#99&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe/magic_mushroom_information.htm" title="Psilocybe Magic Mushroom Information" alt="Psilocybe Magic Mushroom Information" >Psilocybe Magic Mushroom Information</a> &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 to <a href="http://growset.com/shrooms/psilocybe_quebecensis.htm" title="Shrooms Psilocybe Quebecensis" alt="Shrooms Psilocybe Quebecensis" >Shrooms Psilocybe Quebecensis</a> our understanding &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 context, I want to emphasize once more that &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Inocybes &#99&#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#98&#101 &#109&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#110 for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 of his investigation &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 a common trait among &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 to the bluing reaction: a &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#112&#97&#114&#116 from &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 our sense of smell and taste, a common &#111&#100&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 definitely does &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#121 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 European species &#40&#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#51&#46&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#111&#114 Mycophobe? There are reports from &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#13&#10&#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with &#100&#114&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#99&#121&#46 &#65&#116 the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily &#115&#112&#111&#116&#116&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#110&#111&#114 are &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. &#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#105&#115 attitude reflects a &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#98&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#65 mushroom's spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 on black or white paper (depending on spore color). &#65&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 hours, a &#103&#108&#97&#115&#115 &#118&#101&#115&#115&#101&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 over the &#99&#97&#112 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#114&#121&#105&#110&#103&#46 While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has &#105&#116&#115 &#108&#105&#109&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 but reveal &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 microscope. There is &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#100&#101&#103&#114&#101&#101 of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species.<br> Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 available ecological data. CHAPTER &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 &#80&#72&#69&#78&#79&#77&#69&#78&#79&#78 &#65&#78&#68 &#77&#69&#84&#79&#76&#13&#10&#84&#69&#83&#84&#73&#78&#71&#58 REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 characteristic of species &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 for unknown reasons, some species or &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 that usually &#116&#117&#114&#110&#115 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 color, regardless of psilocybin content.<br> Among &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112&#115 of this species stain very quickly in reaction &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing.<br> have stems that develop &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 caps do not &#101&#120&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 Psilocybe </div> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte </p> <h3>drawings of mushrooms @ 3/11/2010 6:45:47 PM</h3> <p> </p> <p> &#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 freeze-dried samples &#102&#111&#114 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 at &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#105&#110 North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#40&#49&#41 &#82 = H2P03 (2) &#82 &#61 &#72&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#57 - &#83&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#117&#108&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#40&#49&#41 and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#51&#46&#50&#13&#10&#80&#83&#73&#76&#79&#67&#89&#66&#69 &#67&#89&#65&#78&#69&#83&#67&#69&#78&#83 - POTENT &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#71&#82&#79&#87&#73&#78&#71 &#79&#78 &#87&#79&#79&#68 &#68&#69&#66&#82&#73&#83&#13&#10&#65&#116 least &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#105&#115&#116 &#105&#110 Europe. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#73 must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 eminent &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#115&#116&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 different methods of distinguishing &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the Stropharia genus. The Widespread <a href="http://growset.com/shrooms_side_effects.htm" title="Shrooms Side Effects" alt="Shrooms Side Effects" >Shrooms Side Effects</a> Distribution of Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 a species that has long &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#108&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 is well known by this &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101&#44 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#97&#115 belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex".<br> &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 grow on raw compost &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 current states of knowledge, the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature are merely &#115&#121&#110&#111&#110&#121&#109&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#108&#97&#112&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#111 this end, fresh mushroom samples &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 be used, and &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 in the investigation.<br> Guzman's division of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#121 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 definitely turned out to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#44 -North &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 mairei, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in England and &#72&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 grew in Serbia and Bohemia. &#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#116 locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 species that have &#110&#111&#116 &#121&#101&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 and are &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#82&#46 <a href="http://growset.com/magic_michigan_mushroom/morel_mushroom/" title="Magic Michigan Mushroom Morel Mushroom" alt="Magic Michigan Mushroom Morel Mushroom" >Magic Michigan Mushroom Morel Mushroom</a> &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens &#40&#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#41 &#75&#117&#104&#110&#101&#114 &#38&#13&#10&#82&#111&#109&#97&#103&#110&#101&#115&#105&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="justify"> &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 and disease, &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 such as these have survived to the present &#100&#97&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_silvatica/smoke_shrooms.htm" title="Psilocybe Silvatica Smoke Shrooms" alt="Psilocybe Silvatica Smoke Shrooms" >Psilocybe Silvatica Smoke Shrooms</a> &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 as someone "who ate those &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World.<br> Mycenaean civilization began with a &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 ingredient in the ambrosia &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the gods.<br> WHO WAS &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 &#113&#117&#97&#115&#105&#45&#99&#97&#110&#110&#105&#98&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 ritual, &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms &#101&#110&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 enter the realm of &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 the &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 the late Middle Ages &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 New World: &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to a number of small, &#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#116&#101&#111&#110&#97&#114&#116&#97&#99&#97&#116&#108&#44 &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the Gods.<br>" &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 eaten during the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 to &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 to &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals <a href="http://growset.com/bad_shrooms/cow_shit_shrooms.htm" title="Bad Shrooms Cow Shit Shrooms" alt="Bad Shrooms Cow Shit Shrooms" >Bad Shrooms Cow Shit Shrooms</a> thoroughly spooked &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 of time, so the cult of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 become extinct.<br> Like mycelia underground, &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#111&#102 the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention.<br> Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 that our native European &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods.<br> The souls of magic mushrooms &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 made from the &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 extraordinary contribution to the field &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 magic mushrooms &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 of these &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book is based &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#97 fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#106&#117&#100&#105&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 mycophobia.<br> I am convinced that a &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 </p> <p align="right"> a have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless] The &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to bell-shaped, with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 Lacking a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 shiny when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem only, fully detached later on. Spores &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains.<br> &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 white fibrous cord of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation. Mycologists spa have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern.<br> <i>different names for magic mushrooms shrooms boomers</i> Traditionally, mycologists have often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 bell-shaped, with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 <a href="http://growset.com/life_sciences_botany.htm" title="Botany Sciences Sciences" alt="Botany Sciences Sciences" >Botany Sciences Sciences</a> &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 that remains gelatinous-sticky for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are elongated &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 and always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 cortinate &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 a veil, which is &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 the flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale yellow, while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 by Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 here as originally published in German, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 have been reported from the following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected relatively &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an <a href="http://growset.com/effects/alternative_to_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Effects Alternative To Magic Mushroom" alt="Effects Alternative To Magic Mushroom" >Effects Alternative To Magic Mushroom</a> almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 gill attachment is either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is blackish purple brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and lined with a white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 dry, the flesh of the cap is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It is not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 languished in the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 stains; only the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thin-fleshed, bald, with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on.<br> Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants of a veil, which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 originally published in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112 </p> <p align="left"> &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 Australia's &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 found &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 of Queensland and New South Wales; and <a href="http://growset.com/growing_magic_mushroom/danger_of_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Growing Magic Mushroom Danger Of Magic Mushroom" alt="Growing Magic Mushroom Danger Of Magic Mushroom" >Growing Magic Mushroom Danger Of Magic Mushroom</a> the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 provide adequate &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 growth of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 accidentally by early settlers &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#46&#34 This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 Panaeolus subbalteatus and &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#111&#114 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#34&#104&#97&#121&#109&#97&#107&#101&#114&#39&#115&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Panaeolina foenisecii. &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 all &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as in &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 users have been &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 psychoptic species to various &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 areas where they were collected. In &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand, hereafter &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 cattle are the primary source for Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 <a href="http://growset.com/growing_magic_mushroom/danger_of_magic_mushroom.htm" title="Growing Magic Mushroom Danger Of Magic Mushroom" alt="Growing Magic Mushroom Danger Of Magic Mushroom" >Growing Magic Mushroom Danger Of Magic Mushroom</a> &#99&#97&#112&#34 mushroom &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46 </p> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <p align="left"> More than half of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 be found in the coastal &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101 &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially <H1>manure rice jochen rice</H1> after heavy &#114&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 that "Psilocybe cubensis was &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 several &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 occur in or around &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 ruminants. This includes Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 <H3>Laughing Jims</H3> &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 "haymaker's" &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 are &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 states, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 central lowlands, recreational users &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 <a href="http://growset.com/psilocybe_australiana/galerina_steglechii.htm" title="PSILOCYBE GALERINA GALERINA AUSTRALIANA" alt="PSILOCYBE GALERINA GALERINA AUSTRALIANA" >PSILOCYBE GALERINA GALERINA AUSTRALIANA</a> &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 export these &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#112&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 from areas where they were collected. In the case of &#78&#101&#119 <a href="http://growset.com/wild_mushroom/magic_mushroom_kit/" title="Wild Mushroom Magic Mushroom Kit" alt="Wild Mushroom Magic Mushroom Kit" >Wild Mushroom Magic Mushroom Kit</a> &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#111&#110&#108&#121 grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 manure (Jansen, &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 section of this guide documents reported &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 1 dozen &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. </p> . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. 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